Medieval Games

Medieval Games

In medieval times people needed a way to entertain themselves. Here is a list:

• Archery- Requires a bow and an arrow to shoot at targets.
• Bowls: Another way of lawn bowling. Competitors need to throw a grape sized ball at a ball smaller than a tennis ball without hitting the target ball. The score will be judged on how close the competitors get to the ball.
• Colf- The ancient way of golf. Hitting a target in the least amounts of strokes is the way of winning. Wooden clubs and wooden balls are needed to play.
• Hammer throwing: A bou;der attached to the end of a wooden handle is needed to play. Throwing for distance is the goal. Competitors are needed to stay in a circle when throwing.
• Hurling or Shinty- similar to hockey. In order to play you must need a stick and a ball . You will need to have agoal to scroe goals. The winner will be decided on the team that scored the most goals.
• Gameball- football. In ancient times, people from different towns would come togetehr to run around with a pig's bladder. The teams will have an unlimited amount of players. The goal is to run the pig's bladder to the other side of town.
• Horseshoes- Throwing horse shoes at targets. You will need a couple of horseshoes to play. It consists of 2 or 4 players. For two players both people stay on one side and throw it to the other side. If there are 4 people playing then two people stay on each side. The games usually go up to 50 points.
• Quarterstaff contests: Uses 8 foot long poles to fight their opponents. It is used for stick fighting. It is like dueling.
• Skittles- An ancient way of ten pin bowling. Players take turn to throw wooden balls down a lane to knock over the skittles at the end. 
• Stoolball- An ancient way of cricket. The pitcher throws a ball to hit the home stool and the batter needs to not let that happen and at the same time the batter needs to run around the base stool for points. Once the batter hits the ball then he needs to run around the base stool.
• Wrestling- no equipment and no rules.

Source: http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-life/medieval-entertainment.htm
http://www.medieval.net/quarterstaff.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowls#History
http://www.medieval.net/bowls.htm
http://medieval.net/wrestling.htm
http://www.ancientgolf.dse.nl/colfuk.htm
http://www.britannica.com/sports/hammer-throw
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinty#Stick
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_football
http://medieval.net/outdoorgames.htm
http://www.britannica.com/sports/horseshoe-pitching
https://prezi.com/kvw8fk2e0bkb/medieval-games/

Rules for Melee

Rules for Melee

There are two types of melee events. There is the Melee a pied Tournament and the Melee a cheval tournament.

Melee a pied Tournament

In Melee a pied Tournament, there are two teams of knights that fight on foot. The knights can choose what weapons they want to have as long as the weapon is blunted. The goal of melee a pied is to beat the other team. One team can also capture a noble and hold them there for ransom. This is when the other team will need to give up equipment or currency. Other nobles could pay the ransom but this is only when the two nobles are related.

Melee a Cheval Tournament

In Melee a pied Tournament, there is a fight between two teams on horseback. The knights can be equipped with what they want to have as long as the weapons are blunted. The goal of this tournament is to beat the other team. One of the teams could capture a noble and demand a ransom. The other team could pay in equipment or currency. Another noble could pay for the ransom but that only happens when the two nobles are related. It is just like Melee a pied but on horseback.

Medieval Melee

In modern melee, The tournaments usually would take place in fairs. The weapons are usually dull so that people would not get hurt. Armor is always worn for protection. The rules are changed from medieval times for safety reasons. Injuries may occur. When attacking and a person has fallen then the attacker would not attack the defender anymore. Deaths are very unlikely in modern melee.

Sources: http://s3.invisionfree.com/Aquitaine/ar/t230.htm

http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-knights/medieval-tournaments.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tournament_(medieval)

Rules for Dueling

Rules for Dueling

Dueling with a Sword

 In dueling with a sword the swords are measured in the same length. The oponents must throw off their coats in order to duel. A handkerchief can be wrapped around the hand but the end can not be loose because the opponent's sword can get trapped in it. The dueler can not grab the opponent's sword with the free hand. Sometimes the dueler's hand is tied behind their back. The duelers can move around while dueling. When one is wounded the duel is stopped. When the dueler raises his sword and cries "stop" then that is the signal to stop the duel.

Dueling with a Sabre

In dueling with a sabre, The opponents are standing one foot away from the sabre-points. These duels are fought with gloves, otherwise a handkerchief can be worn with no hanging ends. These duels are ended when on the first blood loss.

Dueling with a Shield and Buckler

In dueling with a shield and a buckler, the duelers would us the buckler which was like a shield to force their enemy's blow away. A shield is blocking the enemy's blow. A buckler is a small shield that is used to block enemy attack in a special way. It is not used to only block but force the enemy's hit away. It is also used to strike the enemy and even trap them. This is not good way to deflect large projectiles.

Sources: http://www.classicalfencing.com/articles/DuelswiththeSword.php
http://www.thortrains.com/getright/drillbuckler.htm

Rules for Jousting

Different types of Jousting

There are three different types of jousting which are: Joust a plaisance, Pas d'armes or passage of arms Jousting, and modern jousting. 

1.  Jousting rules: Knights should only run 4 courses and that is it. If a knight breaks three of his lances then he is declared the winner. 
2. If the other knight who only broke one of his lances but managed to hit his opponents helmet off in the same round then there would be a tie. 
3. If a knight breaks two of his lances by hitting his opponent and the opponent manages to hit the knight that broke his two lances off his horse then a tie will be declared.
4. If one knight hits the other knight off his horse and the horse falls but he still manages to knock over the attacking knight then the knight with the fallen horse shall be declared the winner because the faults would be on the riders and not the horse.
5. If the lances are broken crosswise then the judging will not be proper. 
6. In the four courses, if both knights break two staves, or a single stave, or they hit in the same place , a tie will be declared. If they did not hit each other at all then the judging will be that they jousted poorly.
7. If a knight drops his lance while charging the other knight must lift his lance without striking the knight with the dropped lance.
8.  There will be four judges. Two for each knight to be judged fairly.

 In Joust a plaisance people would go into elimination rounds over a couple of days. There then will be a final round which will determine the winner.

 In Pas d'armes or passage of arms Jousting, a knight will send a message to any challenger to joust at a certain place or time.
Modern jousting usually happen at fairs. In order to win, knights are supposed to shatter their lances's tip or broken off as a single piece. If the knight's lance makes contact to the opponent but does not break then the knight will be declared the winner.

Sources: http://www.medievalists.net/2015/01/07/medieval-rules-jousting/
http://www.lordsandladies.org/jousting.htm
http://hubpages.com/sports/Medieval-Jousting-Rules
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jousting

Vocabulary Week 3

1. Roman Catholic Church: the Christian church of which the pope, or bishop of Rome, is the supreme head.
2. Pope: the bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.
3. Cardinal: of prime importance; chief; principal.
4. Archbishop: a bishop of the highest rank who presides over an archbishopric or archdiocese.
5. Bishop: a person who supervises a number of local churches or a diocese, being in the Greek, Roman Catholic, Anglican, and other churches a member of the highest order of the ministry.
6. Priest: a person whose office it is to perform religious rites, and especially to make sacrificial offerings.
7. Monk: (in any religion) a man who is a member of a monastic order:
8. Nun: a woman member of a religious order, especially one bound by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
9. Clergy: the group or body of ordained persons in a religion, as distinguished from the laity.
10. Cathedral: the principal church of a diocese, containing the bishop's throne.
11. Church: a building for public Christian worship.
12. Monastery: a house or place of residence occupied by a community of persons, especially monks, living in seclusion under religious vows.
13. Mendicant: begging; practicing begging; living on alms.
14. Friar: Roman Catholic Church. a member of a religious order, especially the mendicant orders of Franciscans, Dominicans, Carmelites, and Augustinians.
15. Abbey: a monastery under the supervision of an abbot or a convent under the supervision of an abbess.
16. Abbot: a man who is the head or superior, usually elected, of a monastery.
17. Abbess: a woman who is the superior of a convent of nuns.
18. Nunnery: a building or group of buildings for nuns; convent.
19. Sacraments: the consecrated elements of the Eucharist, especially the bread.
20. Baptism: Ecclesiastical. a ceremonial immersion in water, or application of water, as an initiatory rite or sacrament of the Christian church.
21. Eucharist: the sacrament of Holy Communion; the sacrifice of the Mass; the Lord's Supper.
22. Confirmation: a rite administered to baptized persons, in some churches as a sacrament for confirming and strengthening the recipient in the Christian faith, in others as a rite withoutsacramental character by which the recipient is admitted to full communion with thechurch.
23. Matrimony: the rite, ceremony, or sacrament of marriage.
24. Holy Orders: the rite or sacrament of ordination.
25. Penance: a punishment undergone in token of penitence for sin.
26. Extreme Unction: In the past, the usual name of the sacrament in official documents of the Catholic Church was Extreme Unction meaning, Final Anointing
27. New testament: the collection of the books of the Bible that were produced by the early Christian church,comprising the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles, and the Revelation of St.John the Divine.

Sources: http://www.dictionary.com/

Google Definition

Medieval Abbey

Plans for medieval abbey

Source: http://www.historyfish.net/images/monastics/plan_beaulieu_med.jpg

How much farmland is needed to support one person?

1 Acre or 4046.86 meters is needed to feed a person.

Source: http://www.farmlandlp.com/2012/01/one-acre-feeds-a-person/

https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=1+acre+in+meters

Interior of Medieval Mill

Image: http://www.mcjazz.f2s.com/images/Industry/EarlyWindmill.jpg

In a medieval mill, the mill grinds grains into powder. People grab the grains and tosses it in a box which leads to the grinders. Once the wind blows the sails spin and that also spins the gears which leads to the grinders to activate. Windmills are supposed to be built on a windy area where they can work. The sails are the four propeller looking objects sticking out of the base. Windmills could be built out of stone or wood. That was what windmills were used for.

Water Mill

Image: http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/medieval-building-water-mill-23517690.jpg

http://www.forteachersforstudents.com.au/site/wp-content/uploads/Engineers/WaterWheels/Images/waterwheel-stamping-colour.jpg

A watermill is exactly like a windmill but it uses water as its source of power. The water pushes the wheel which leads into the shed and it rotates gears which lets the grinders activate. The shed was usually spacious for the grinders. The gears are usually the type that will smash the grains.

 Mill Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill#Mechanics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermill#Middle_Ages

Brewery

Image: https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/41/62/92/4162921acc58d3d16c8cc0a37c17b571.jpg

In a medieval brewery a person makes the ale or beer. Beverages took a lot of work to make and at the end it will be in a barrel ready to be served. The brewery is usually just a little shed that people work in to make drinks. It has about two stories to store materials. People mix all the ingredients together. There is a huge pot that heats up some ingredients to make the drinks. It is stirred by a person to keep it evenly heated. The brewer conditions the beverage and it should be a good drink ready to be served.

Sources: http://craftbeertemple.com/videoblog/brewing-process/

Butcher

Image:https://centralvicmeatsblog.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/butcher-history.jpg

The butchers is where people slaughter animals and take their meat to sell to the townspeople. The shop is outdoors and there are racks to hang up meats. The butchers are supposed to make specific cuts for customers. People slaughter in the back of the shop.
Sources: https://centralvicmeatsblog.wordpress.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butcher

Barber

Image: http://www.havensalon.com/barber-shop-pole-history-illustrations-blood-1.jpg

A barber is basically someone who cuts hair. This type of barber is a barber surgeon. They take care of people like doctors. Their main tool is a razor. They cut their patients arm to let out all the infected 

blood. In the middle ages of Europe, they also pull out teeth. Their shop is basically a shed. Patients would lay down or sit on a chair then the barber would let the blood out into a bowl.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barber_surgeon

Wheelwright

Image: http://hne-rs.s3.amazonaws.com/filestore/1/8/2/3_6d301bb22fae763/1823scr_4bca5d9fbd0d3fa.jpg

A wheelwright is a person who makes wooden wheels. They make wheels for wagons and carts. The shop is a building filled with wood and maybe iron. There is a stand to put the center of the wheel on and then the wheelwright puts on the spokes and the the tire which was made of wood. Wheels were mostly made of wood but other materials like bone and horn was used.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelwright

Tinker's Shop

Image:http://static.artuk.org/w1200h1200/SHEF/SHEF_MSH_VIS_2274.jpg

Tinker's are people who repair or improving an item that is usually made of metal. Tinkers are similar to blacksmiths but they do not make things. The interior is in the image.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinker

 Interior Of A Medieval Bakery 

Painting of the interior of a Medieval Bakery

   

            During Medieval times, the bakery's job was to supply the population or area with fresh baked goods such as bread, pastries, deserts, etc. To make these delicious pastries, they would have to use stoves, fireplaces, spits, oven, knives, and a baking peel. With all of these amazing supplies, the interior of the bakery would also consist of tables, shelves, and chairs.

Citations: https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3648/3361798226_d17faab4c1.jpg 

http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/bakers-in-the-middle-ages.html

  Interior Of A Medieval Carpenter's Shop 

Interior of  a Medieval Carpenter's shop

           In a Medieval city, the Carpenter's shop was responsible for supplying the population with their daily items that were made of wood. For example, they would create wagons, tables, chairs, etc. To make these things, Carpenter's would use saws, knives, a make-shift ruler, hammers, chisels, etc. In addition to this, the interior to their shops would also consist of wood, shelves, hangars for tools, tables, and chairs. 

  Citations: http://www.traditioninaction.org/HotTopics/HTimages_g-k/J046_Carpenter.jpg 

https://www.qualityinfo.org/-/carpenters

Interior Of A Medieval Fuller's Shop 

Painting of what the interior of an old Fullers shop may have looked like to a normal passerby back than.

              During Medieval times, the Fuller's shop's job was to clean the wool to prepare it to be turned into cloth. The tools in which they would use to do this are: sticks, bleach like substance, make-shift ruler, stretcher, and drier. The interior of a Medieval Fuller's shop would also consist of tables, chairs, and buckets. 

 Citations: http://users.trytel.com/tristan/towns/florilegium/popcom12.html 

http://users.trytel.com/tristan/towns/florilegium/images3/com12d.jpg

http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_medieval_fuller

Interior of a Medieval Glover's Shop 

Interior of Caved Medieval Tannery

          During Medieval times, Glovers were the people responsible for providing the public with gloves. Their job was extremely alike to the Tannery's job due to that they both worked with leather and used the same material. The only difference was the end product they made. Since they used the same materials, the Glovers would use  lunalarium, a wooden blade, a stretching tray, and a special solution used to remove the hair from the hide. The Interior would also be extremely similar to the Tannery's interior. Since they are so similar, the Glover's shop would also consist of chairs, holes for the substance, tubs, and tables.

               Citations:http://3.bp.blogspot.com/pHAa8X8pGRk/U6TAzCHqB1I/AAAAAAAAAB8/8L0q4V5RAW0/s1600/00-Nottingham-Drury-Hill-tannery-m.jpg

 Interior Of A Medieval Tailor Shop 

Interior of  a usual Medieval Tailor Shop 

            In Medieval times, Tailors were responsible for supplying the population or area with clothes. Tailors were able to crate everything from underwear to magnificent silk gowns. The tools in which the Tailors would use to make these amazing clothes are: needles, thread, looms, cloth, make-shift rulers, buckets, scissors, etc. The material in which the Tailor would make the cloths in would differ due to how rich or poor you are. The poorer you are, the worst the material. With all of this, the building or shop in which the Tailors would work and sell in would also consist of tables, chairs, and hangars.

Citations: https://medievaltailor.com/

http://www.wga.hu/art/b/brekelen/tailor_s.jpg

http://www.ehow.com/info_8599413_duties-medieval-tailors.html

        Interior Of Medieval Cooperage  

Picture of the Luxton Station Cooperage

       In the middle ages, Coopers were the people who were responsible for creating barrels for the rest of the town or area. These barrels were extremely important because during the Middle Ages, barrels were the main packing system. For example, they would pack alcohol, flour, etc. To make these barrels, they would use the following tools: a variety of saws, knives, pincers, tongs, and bladed tools such as the adze, billhook and froe, as well as augurs and mallets. To support or shape the wood, they used blocks, a jointer, a shaving horse, windlass, slings and tackles. The interior of a Medieval Cooperage would obviously consist of these items or even more, but they would also be a normal building with tables, shelves, stacks of wood for the barrels, chairs, and tables that were used for metal working and cutting.

Citations: http://research.history.org/DigitalLibrary/View/index.cfmdoc=ResearchReports%5CRR0316.xml   

http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~flbbm/heritage/cooper/cooperagea04.jpg 

http://www.ask.com/history/tools-did-colonial-cooper-use-59b31c3e91fe70b2

 Interior Of A Medieval Tannery 

Interior of a Medieval Tannery that was created in a cave.

        In a Medieval Tannery, Tanners would would create and tan leather to provide for shoes, armor, gloves, etc. To create these things, they would use the following tools: a lunalarium, wooden blade, a stretching tray, and a special solution used to remove the hair from the hide. The interior in which the Tanner would work in would usually consist of these tools and even maybe more. The interior would also consist of many holes, tubs , and tables in which the Tanner would work on. The tubs and holes were used to be filled with the special solution, so the Tanner could drench the hides in them. 

  Citations: http://mittelzeit.blogspot.com/2014/06/leather-tanning-medieval-to-edwardian.html

http://altoonsultan.blogspot.com/2014/09/making-parchment-ancient-craft.html

 Interior Of  Medieval Forge or Blacksmith Shop 

Usual interior of a Blacksmith Forge or shop.

        

            

          

               Medieval forges are often created with a big enclosed, building type style. The hearth, the main tool the smith would use to create tools, would have 3 walls built around it. This Hearth of the forge would usually be built at a height convenient for the smith. The three walls around the Hearth also tended to keep the smoke from coming back into the building from drafts or winds. Tools would be usually hung on the front of the forge or on either sides of the fire. The tools in which a Medieval blacksmith would use are as follows: 

An anvil - a heavy block of iron or steel on which hot metals are shaped by hammering

Tongs

Bellows

A variety of hammers varying in size for shaping and finishing

Swages - Tools, variously shaped or grooved on the end or face, used by blacksmiths  for shaping their work  by holding the swage upon the work, or the work upon the swage, and striking with a sledge hammer

Swage block - a perforated block of iron, having grooved sides and adapted for use in heading bolts and swaging objects of a large size

Fullers - A half-round set hammer, used by a blacksmith for forming grooves and spreading iron. Also called a 'creaser'

Sledge Hammers

Punches - Tools for making (usually circular) holes

Drifts - Slightly tapered tools of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it. Also called a broach

Axe

Chisels

Bit - A tool for boring, of various forms and sizes

Auger bit - a bit with a cutting edge or blade

Molds for making popular and everyday items

Nails

Table, stools, shelves etc.

With these tools, Medieval blacksmiths would create weapons, armor, tools, etc.

Citations: 

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9e/7a/b9/9e7ab913ffdb358d7114f8ac378dfd70.jpg

http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-life/medieval-blacksmith.htm

http://www.beautifuliron.com/forge_stylesof.htm 

http://www.beautifuliron.com/images/ForgeDiderot_heavy.jpg

  Interior Of A Medieval Pottery Shop 

Painting of what a pottery shop during the Middle ages would look like.

          During the middle ages, it was the potter's job to supply the population with pots, vases, cups, etc. To create these types of pottery, they would shape clay into the object in which they want, and than they would bake the clay causing it to harden. Potters were usually peasants who would spend much of their day farming. They would use the following tools to make this happen: clay, sand, wood, water, fireplace, and spinning table. The interior of a Medieval Pottery shop would also consist of tables, stools, shelves, buckets, and containers.


   Citations: http://www.spoilheap.co.uk/medpot.htm
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Mendel_II_071_r.jpg